John Adams ((Worcester, Massachusetts, 1947) learned the clarinet from his father and played in marching bands and community orchestras during his formative years. He began composing at the age of ten and heard his first orchestral pieces performed while still a teenager. After earning a BA and an MA in Music Composition from Harvard University, he taught for ten years at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music. From 1982 to 1985, he was composer-in-residence of the San Francisco Symphony, and some of his landmark works were written for and premiered by this ensemble: from Harmonium (1981) to Absolute Jest (2012), by way of Grand Pianola Music (1982) and My Father Knew Charles Ives (2003). It was also while working there that he created the New and Unusual Music series.
Between 1988 and 1990, he was Creative Chair with the Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra, a position he has also held since 2009 with the Los Angeles Philharmonic, where he has been instrumental in the success of the Green Umbrella new music series. He has served as Music Director for the Cabrillo Festival of Contemporary Music (1991) in Santa Cruz (California), and the Ojai Music Festival (1993), likewise in California. From 2003 to 2007, he occupied the Richard and Barbara Debs Composer’s Chair at Carnegie Hall, and from 2003 to 2009 was Artist-in-Association with the BBC Symphony Orchestra.
Aside from his career as a composer, Adrams has conducted some of the world’s top orchestras, including the London Symphony Orchestra, the Berliner Philharmoniker, and the Metropolitan Opera in New York. In January this year, he led the Los Angeles Philharmonic in the world premiere of Philip Glass’s Symphony No. 12.
Together with his wife, photographer Deborah O’Grady, he set up the Pacific Harmony Foundation to support commissions and performances of works by young composers and musical education initiatives throughout the country.
Speech
Music and Opera , 11th edition
The committee describes Adams as eschewing the figure of the “scientific, intellectual composer.” He seeks instead to be “an artist who engages with the public,” without rigidities or formalisms, deploying the full breadth of his “emotional palette” in order to re-connect with the audience. “I felt that the world of contemporary music was becoming increasingly sterile – the new laureate concurs – and composers were increasingly self-absorbed and only writing for each other. At the same time I witnessed the blossoming of the great period of rock music, which spoke to the culture in a simple and passionate language. I wanted to forge a musical language of my own that, while framed in the ‘classical’ tradition, had the kind of energy and power of communication that great American popular music possesses.”
Initially one of the fathers of minimalism, the American composer soon cast off this label to become a “unique voice in contemporary music,” the citation continues, “creating a personal style based on the highest standards of musical and technical excellence, while communicating powerfully to a wide audience.”
This distinctive voice owes undoubtedly to the multiple influences that Adams draws on. He himself offers a list including such diverse names as Bach, Mozart and Stravinsky, Bob Dylan, Duke Ellington and Stevie Wonder: “They are part of American culture and they have all been an influence,” he remarked shortly after hearing of the award. “I grew up listening to all kinds of music and I think what makes American music so different is that there are no strict borders between ‘high and ‘low’, or what you in Europe consider ‘art’ or ‘entertainment’.”
From childhood, he was surrounded by music in his native New England, taking clarinet lessons from his father. His grandfather owned a jazz club in New Hampshire, where he listened to the greats of the time, like Duke Ellington & His Orchestra. He began composing at the age of ten and, while still a teenager, conducted an orchestra performance of one of his own works. After earning a BA and an MA in Music Composition from Harvard University, in 1971 he moved to the west coast in search of new musical horizons, settling in California, where he has lived ever since.
It was during his ten years teaching at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music that he first came into contact with minimalism. Although its influence is clearly detectable in an early work like Shaker Loops (1978), even then, says the committee, “that distinctive voice was emerging.” From 1982 to 1985, he was composer-in-residence of the San Francisco Symphony, and some of his landmark works were written for and premiered by this ensemble, including Harmonium (1981), Grand Pianola Music (1982) and Harmonielehre (1985). In these pieces, Adams’ personal voice shines through “more obviously,” as the committee puts it, adding that “there’s something immediately recognizable about a John Adams composition, (…) a style that is hard to define, but somehow ‘American’.”
Founder of a new operatic genre
Adams’ works span every genre – solo, chamber, orchestral, opera and oratorio – but it is in opera that he has come fully into his own, carving out a unique and fertile path.
In 1985 he began what would be a fruitful collaboration with poet Alice Goodman and theater director Peter Sellars that produced the innovative and successful Nixon in China (1987), about the ex U.S. President’s encounter with Mao Zedong in 1972. With this piece, Adams “pioneered a new kind of ‘docu-opera’, writing about events in living memory,” the citation states, and “fearlessly addressing contemporary and controversial issues.” “I have always had an intense interest in history and politics,” the composer explains. “I believe that if opera as an art form is going to have a future, we composers must choose themes and stories that reflect our current collective myths, just as Wagner did during his time.”
This drive to tell contemporary stories, some involving people alive at the time, would remain intensely present in his operas. In The Death of Klinghoffer (1991), which recreates the 1985 hijacking of the Achille Lauro cruise ship by members of the Palestinian Liberation Front, Adams deals, he says, with “terrorism and the terrible distrust between populations and religions that leads to violence.” In Doctor Atomic (2005), he turns his attention to the Manhattan Project and the building of the first atomic bomb, which he sees as “the ultimate existential narrative of our human condition, both in terms of our technological mastery over nature, and our potential to destroy ourselves and our planet.” In his more recent Girls of the Golden West (2017), Adams looks back on the American West of the mid-19th century gold rush to reflect on the plight of women.
Adams is often referred to as a political composer. His view is that “any dramatic work that addresses human conflict, whether it’s among nations or between two individuals, is ‘political’. My work is no more ‘political’ than Mozart’s Le Nozze di Figaro or Wagner’s Ring. However, the term is probably applied to me because many of my themes are drawn from recent historical events.” He prefers to put feelings at the center: “Music, more than any other art form, has the power to communicate feeling. How this happens is a deep mystery that perhaps only can be answered by behavioral psychology or biology. We don’t know exactly why, but music’s combination of sensory stimuli and formal constructs affects us profoundly.”
The award citation also refers to On the Transmigration of Souls, his “poignant reflection” on the 9/11 terror attacks, and the oratories with which he has explored immigration and gender issues, “making sure women’s voices and minority points of view are heard.”
Adams’ activity shows no signs of slackening. He recently revised Girls of the Golden West for its European premiere in the Netherlands, and was soon after present in Los Angeles at the first performance of his new piano concerto titled Must the Devil Have All the Good Tunes?, “performed by the two brilliant artists for whom I wrote it, Yuja Wang and Gustavo Dudamel.” He is currently finishing a short, eight-minute orchestral work called I Still Dance, and working on a libretto for a new opera which he will begin composing this summer.
